Mulleripicus funebris

Breeding regions are OR. Breeding subregions are Luzon group (n Philippines).

Sumber: IOC World Bird List, v

BEHAVIOURAL OBSERVATIONS Nest Excavation At the time of discovery, a male northern sooty woodpecker was excavating a hole estimated to be 5 - 10 cm deep: implying that excavation may have started just 2 - 3 days prior to discovery. After 40 minutes of excavation, the male switched roles with the female. The female then excavated for at least 10 minutes before leaving. On 10 March 2022, almost 3 ⁄ 4 of the woodpecker’s body could now fit into the cavity with the tail protruding at a sharp angle, indicating the ongoing vertical deepening of the nest. On 18 May 2022, both the male and female fully entered the nest on separate occasions and excavated from the inside. We observed the process of nest excavation for a total of 20.72 hours on six different days from 23 February to 18 March 2022. Excavation sessions lasted between 9 to 72 minutes before one of the pair left and the other took over the duty. We noted that the excavating individual usually called once or twice before switching roles with its partner. Both members of the nesting pair contributed to nest building: the male however, excavated the cavity seven times longer in a day (4.97 hours) compared to the female (0.67 hours) (Fig. 2). Diurnal Incubation / Brooding Observations from 11 - 12, 15 & 17 April 2022 (16.02 hours), revealed that both parents contribute to diurnal incubation / brooding as evident from the observed prolonged stays of the adults inside the cavity. During a full day observation (06: 00 - 18: 00) on 11 April, we recorded that the male stayed inside the cavity for 4.12 hours whereas the female for 3.42 hours. On 14 April, at 18: 31, the male was last seen entering the cavity and may have been the one incubating during the night, as is the case with most woodpecker species (Winkler & Christie, 2020). Nestling Provisioning and Nest Sanitation On 4 - 5 May 2022 (16.92 hours), we observed two nestlings peeking from the cavity opening (Fig. 3). The nestlings were black and fully feathered with a slightly whitish breast area. They have short, sturdy, yellowish white bills, and whitish lores, auriculars, and supercilia. During this time, both adult woodpeckers were actively delivering food to the nestlings. Food delivery was done through regurgitation while the adult was perched at the rim of the cavity. On 5 May (06: 00 - 18: 00), we recorded 11 feeding instances; five were done by the male and six by the female. Per feeding event, we observed both adult parents fully entering the cavity and exiting 2 - 3 minutes later with a faecal sac in the bill. We recorded eight instances of faecal sac removal; five were done by the female and three by the male (Fig. 2). On 14 May at 05: 45, the nest was already inactive. We posit that the woodpeckers fledged between 6 and 13 May. During this time, we also noted a pair of green racquet-tail parrots Prioniturus luconensis inspecting the empty cavity nest for approximately 20 minutes.