Cyrtodactylus muluensis

Distribution in Borneo. This species has been recorded from the Clearwater Cave, Long Cave, and Lang Cave within GMNP (Davis et al. 2019). Our observation from Bukit Pala is the first record from outside GMNP.

Sumber: New herpetofaunal records from Gunung Mulu National Park and its surrounding areas in Borneo

Description of holotype. Adult male; 75.3 mm SVL; 98.6 mm TL; head large, moderate in length (HL / SVL 0.29), wide (HW / HL 0.62), slightly flattened (HD / HL 0.38), distinct from neck, triangular in dorsal profile; loreal scales slightly concave posteriorly, flat anteriorly; frontal and prefrontal regions concave; canthus rostralis rounded; snout elongate (ES / HL 0.44), rounded in dorsal profile, laterally constricted; eye large (ED / HL 0.25); ear opening elliptical, moderate in size (EL / HL 0.08), obliquely oriented; eye to ear distance greater than diameter of eye; rostral scale rectangular, divided dorsally by an inverted Y-shaped furrow, no postnasal scale, one medial postrostralis (internasal), bordered laterally by first supralabials; external nares bordered anteriorly by rostral, ventrally by first supralabial; 12 (L / R) rectangular supralabials extending to the upturn of the labial margin, tapering abruptly directly below midpoint of eye; first supralabial largest; 12 (L / R) infralabials extending to the upturn of the labial margin, tapering abruptly directly below midpoint of eye; rostral and loreal scales weakly raised, same size as scales on top of head, occiput, and canthus rostralis; no tubercles on occiput or interorbital region; bony ridge bordering the orbital rim; transverse frontoparietal ridge; 36 / 38 (L / R) supracilliary scales, elongate, smooth, largest anteriorly; mental triangular, bordered laterally by first infralabials and posteriorly by left and right rectangular postmentals which contact medially for approximately 40 % of their length, forming a Yshape; single row of slightly enlarged, elongate chinshields extending posteriorly to sixth infralabial scale; small, flat gular scales gradually grading posteriorly into larger, flat, smooth pectoral and ventral scales. Body with distinct, non-tuberculate ventrolateral folds; dorsal scales small, granular interspersed with low, regularly arranged keeled tubercles; small intervening tubercles occasionally present; tubercles extend from top of head to caudal constriction, and onto anterior one-fifth of tail; tubercles on occiput and nape small, those on posterior portion of body largest; approximately 15 longitudinal rows of tubercles slightly posterior of midbody; 43 paravertebral tubercles; 37 flat imbricate ventral scales between ventrolateral body folds; ventral scales larger than dorsal scales; precloacal scales smooth, slightly larger than ventral scales; moderately deep precloacal groove. Forelimbs relatively short (FL / SVL 0.16); scales on preaxial surface of forelimbs small, tubercles absent; scales on postaxial surface flat, subimbricate, tubercles absent; palmar scales weakly rounded; digits well developed, inflected at basal interphalangeal joints; 19 / 18 (L / R) subdigital lamellae on fourth finger, rectangular, broadly expanded proximal to joint inflection, slightly expanded immediately distal to joint becoming gradually more expanded near the claw; claws well-developed, relatively short; hind limbs more robust than forelimbs, moderate in length (TBL / SVL 0.20); postaxial thigh scales flat, smooth, slightly larger than dorsal granular scales; postaxial tibial scales flat, smooth; expanded femoral scales absent; 3 / 2 (L / R) pore-bearing precloacal scales; precloacal scales expanded forming an inverted T bearing a moderately deep precloacal groove in which porebearing scales are absent; plantar scales slightly raised; digits well developed, inflected at basal, interphalangeal joints; 20 (L / R) subdigital lamellae on fourth toe rectangular, broadly expanded proximal to joint inflection, slightly expanded immediately distal to joint becoming gradually more expanded near the claw. Tail original, 98.6 mm long, 5.9 mm wide at base, tapering to a point distally; dorsal scales flat, squarish; subcaudal region bearing enlarged median row of transverse scales; no caudal furrow; base of tail forming hemipenal swelling; and 4 / 6 cloacal spurs on left / right of hemipenal swelling, respectively, one tubercle substantially larger than the others on both sides. Coloration in life. Dorsum of head, body, limbs, and tail greyish-brown; no V-shaped line on rostrum; wide dark-brown nuchal loop that extends to the tip of the snout, edged by white line; seven dark-brown bands between nuchal loop and the posterior portion of the hindlimb insertion, each edged anteriorly and posteriorly by thin darkbrown lines; body bands wider than interspaces; limbs with light-brown band / blotch pattern; ventral portion of body bearing uniform light cream color; tail bearing nine dark bands separated by nine, narrower grey bands dorsally, uniform beige coloration ventrally. Variation (Fig. 1 & 2). The paratypes are very similar to the holotype in coloration and pattern. In life, the coloration varied due to apparent substrate matching with those on karst bearing a light grey coloration with dark banding, and those on wood and vines bearing a light brown coloration with dark banding. Preserved, CAS 262985 displays lighter coloration than the holotype, with less well-defined banding, and little to no dark coloration on the top of the head; CAS 262985 displays darker coloration than the holotype. The juvenile specimen (CAS 262995) has white bands separating the dark bands on the tail, and tan coloration on the ventral surface of the body.

Sumber: Uncovering karst endemism within Borneo: two new Cyrtodactylus species from Sarawak, Malaysia

Distribution. Cyrtodactylus muluensis sp. nov. is known from the Clearwater Cave, Long Cave, and Lang Cave within Mulu National Park, Sarawak, East Malaysia. The Clearwater Cave and Long Cave are on the same karst peak ~ 1 km apart. The Mulu area has a high concentration of limestone karst formations, most of which were not surveyed over the course of our work (Fig. 3).

Sumber: Uncovering karst endemism within Borneo: two new Cyrtodactylus species from Sarawak, Malaysia