Macaca maura

Conservation: CITES – Appendix II; IUCN – Endangered.

Sumber: Order Primates

Distribution: S Sulawesi, south of Tempe Depression (Indonesia).

Sumber: Order Primates

PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Order Primates.

Sumber: Order Primates

DISTRIBUTION: S. Sulawesi, south of Tempe Depression.

Sumber: Order Primates

Habitat. Moist deciduous forest (up to 2000 m above sea level), mosaics of forest with grasslands resulting from habitat conversion, and areas of cultivation surrounded by primary and secondary forests. A large part of the remaining population of Moor Macaques is likely confined to karst (limestone) forest. The tower karsts in southwestern Sulawesi are 150 - 300 m tall, with many fruit trees growing on top that are favored by Moor Macaques. Karst forests in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park have considerable seasonal variation in rainfall, with a pronounced dry season in May-September. Moor Macaques are frequently found in association with endemic yellowbilled malkohas (Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus). Malkohas benefit from insect prey that is flushed out of the canopy by the macaques’ movements. Figs (Ficus, Moraceae), an important food resource for many Sulawesi mammals and birds, are very abundant in Karaenta Nature Reserve (23 - 3 fig trees / ha) compared with other Indonesian forests (6 - 6 fig trees / ha, East Kalimantan Province and 7 - 10 fig trees / ha, North Sulawesi Province).

Sumber: Cercopithecidae

Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Moor Macaque lives in multimale-multifemale groups. Group sizes are 15 - 40 individuals, with an adult sex ratio of males to females of 1: 0 - 5 - 2 - 7. Males emigrate from their natal groups at 7 - 9 years of age. Females form linear dominance hierarchies, but they have relaxed relationships characterized by low levels of intense aggression, bidirectionality when agonistic behavior occurs (either female in a dyad may initiate the interaction), and frequent post-conflict affiliative contacts. Social tolerance among adult males has also been reported. Adult males (typically the highest ranked) emit a birdlike vocalization called a “ loud call. ” These calls are given when group members are dispersed, following stimuli such as agonistic interactions or vocalizations from other group members, but not during intergroup interactions. Home range size is 20 - 30 ha, and ranges often overlap with those of neighboring groups. Data from the group in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park indicate that intergroup encounters occur, on average, every 28 - 8 hours. Males, rather than females, appear to be the primary participants. Presence of sexually receptive females is not related to frequency of intergroup encounters. Densities are 25 - 50 ind / km? ®. The well-studied population that lives in Karaenta Nature Reserve in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park reached a density of 70 ind / km? * by 1998.

Sumber: Cercopithecidae