Macaca ochreata

PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Order Primates.

Sumber: Order Primates

DISTRIBUTION: S. E. Sulawesi; Muna; Butung.

Sumber: Order Primates

Habitat. Nominate form found in mangrove and coastal forests, savanna habitat (Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park), and steep upland tropical forest at elevations up to 800 m (Faruhumpenai Nature Reserve). The Buton Macaque occupies lowland and hill forest on the island of Buton.

Sumber: Cercopithecidae

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Booted Macaques live in multimale-multifemale groups. Group size is 12 - 28 individuals for the nominate subspecies and 20 - 40 individuals (mean 32) for the Buton Macaque. The Buton Macaque has an adult male to female sex ratio of 1: 2. Larger groups of Buton Macaques have been observed breaking up into smaller subgroups. The mean home range size of Buton Macaques is 62 ha. Population densities of the nominate subspecies are 0 - 97 - 2 groups / km?. The mean density of three study groups on Buton was 55 - 3 ind / km? *.

Sumber: Cercopithecidae

Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List, including both subspecies. Both subspecies of the Booted Macaque are primarily threatened by conversion of habitat to human uses. While they are not typically killed for food, poisoned bait is used against crop-raiding macaques by local cacao farmers. The nominate subspecies is considered Vulnerable because of the projected increase in oil palm, cacao, and cotton plantations and human settlement. It is known to occur in at least five protected areas: Tanjung Batikolo Wildlife Reserve, Tanjung Peropa Game Reserve, Rawa Aopa Watomahai National Park, and Padang Mata Osu and Faruhumpenai nature reserves. The population size of the Booted Macaque is ¢. 71,000 individuals. On Buton Island, the Buton Macaque is considered Vulnerable because of the projected increase in teak plantations, illegal logging, and human settlements. In addition, the extent of its occurrence is less than 20,000 km?, and this area is severely fragmented and continuing to diminish. The rate of deforestation in the area where the Buton Macaque is well studied is ¢. 10 % / year and increasing annually. The Buton Macaque is known to occur in three protected areas: Lambusango, Buton Utara, Napabalano reserves. Its population size ¢. 40,000 individuals.

Sumber: Cercopithecidae

Descriptive notes. Head-body 48 - 59 cm (males) and 40 - 48 cm (females), tail 4 - 6 cm (males) and 3 - 5 cm (females); weight 6 - 9 kg (males) and 3 - 5 kg (females). The Booted Macaqueis blackish or brown above, with paler forearms, shanks, and rump. Hairs on the crown are darker than surrounding fur and stand erect, forming a circular cap. Tail is button-like, and ischial callosities are oval and bend outward (Type 2). The nominate form ochreata is mostly blackish, with forearms, shanks, and rump ocherousgray to whitish. The “ Buton Macaque ” (M. o. brunnescens) is not as dark as the mainland nominate subspecies, being generally brown, with forearms, shanks, and rump a lighter shade, and has a shorter face.

Sumber: Cercopithecidae