Central Sulawesi. Banggai: inland from Batui, 17 x 1989, Coode 5983 (A, BO, K, L, SING); Bunta Subdistrict, Sumber Agung, Mt Hek, 26 ii 2004, Hendrian, Newman, Scott, Saleh & Supriadi 900 (E); Luwuk District, Bunta Subdistrict, Sumber Agung, Mt Hek, 26 ii 2004, Scott 04 - 329, grown at RBGE as accession 20040647 A, vouchered as Scott 449 (E); Parigi Moutong: Pangi Binangga, Uwe Lutu, CA, 20 vii 2018, Ardi WI 209 (KRB); Between Palu and Parigi, 35 km from Palu, 7 iv 1975, Meijer 9342 (BO, L); Poso: Danau Poso, Tentena-bancea road divide, 2 viii 2018, Ardi WI 277 (KRB); Pass between Lake Poso and Wotu, 2 iii 2000, Mendum, Argent & Hendrian 00220 (BO, E); Sigi: Mt Nokilalaki, track to shelter 2, 24 vii 2018, Ardi WI 222 (KRB); ibid., 24 vii 2018, Ardi WI 230 (KRB); Upper Sopu River, E. end of Sopu Valley, 5 v 1979, van Balgooy 3501 (L); Danau Tambing, 23 v 1979, van Balgooy 3434 (BO, E, L); Mt Nokilalaki, 10 vii 1939, Bloembergen 4029 (BO, L); Lore Lindu National Park, Ponoh, 3 km NE of Toro Village, 17 xii 2007, Cicuzza 620 (E); Lore Lindu, Mt Nokilalaki, 6 iii 2008, Cicuzza 793 (E); Lore Lindu National Park, Ponoh, 3 km NE of Toro Village, 10 iv 2008, Cicuzza 1016 (E); Sopu Valley, c. 80 km s. of Palu, 6 v 1979, Hennipman 5621 (BO, E); W of Tongoa, 6 iii 1981, Johansson, Nybom & Riebe 195 (L); Mt Roroka Timbu, 11 v 1979, de Vogel 5296 (L); ibid., 11 v 1979, de Vogel 5315 (L); Sopu valley c. 80 km SSE of Palu, 26 v 1979, de Vogel 5578 (BO, L); Toli-Toli: Mt Dako, Teluk Bone, Lakatan, 24 iii 1985, Ramlanto & Zainal Fanani 513 (BO). West Sulawesi. Mamasa: Mt Gandang Dewata, 20 iv 2016, Kartonegoro, Ardiyani, Santoso, Wardani ARK 904 (BO, E). South Sulawesi. East Luwu: Mt Wawonseru, SW of Soroako, 3 vi 1979, Hennipman 5994 (BO, E); Kawata, 18 ix 1929, Kjellberg 2334 (BO, S). Southeast Sulawesi. Selewar, Preko, 5 x 1929, Kjellberg 2498 (BO, S); North Kolaka: Bulu Porema, 27 x 1929, Kjellberg 2664 (BO, S); Rante Angin subdistrict, Tinukari village, 30 vi 2011, Widjaja, Sujadi, Santoso & Hapid EAW 9713 (BO); Tinukari village, 30 vi 2011, Widjaja, Sujadi, Santoso & Hapid EAW 9717 (BO). Cyrtandra hypogaea can be easily distinguished from other species on Sulawesi with trailing inflorescences by a thicker, and usually more notched, inflorescence axis 2 – 3 mm in diameter, smaller flowers, and a unilateral disc. The fruits also have a distinct, tessellate appearance when they are dried. Koorders did not specify a type when he described this species. Therefore, the most complete of Koorders own collections, Koorders 17190 β in the herbarium in Bogor (BO), annotated by him with the name Cyrtandra hypogaea and with an illustration attached, has been selected as the lectotype. There are three collections from the Lore Lindu area of Central Sulawesi, namely Ardi WI 230, van Balgooy 3434 and de Vogel 5315, which are recorded as having a red corolla, sometimes with yellow markings on the lower lobes. The phenomenon of colour variation, although very rare in Cyrtandra, has been seen in C. splendens C. B. Clarke from Borneo. In that case, the corolla, usually white or cream-coloured with a large crimson patch on each lobe, was found in one or two populations to have a wholly red corolla (Burtt, 1990). These red-flowered specimens fall within the distribution range of Cyrtandra hypogaea. The collections also bear some resemblance, particularly in the striking red corolla colour, to the closely related Cyrtandra rantemarioensis from the Latimojong Range in South Sulawesi but can be separated from that species geographically and also by ovary indumentum, leaf decurrence and fruit shape. Further collections are required to confirm the status of these collections, but for now they are treated as Cyrtandra hypogaea.
Distribusieng
Distribution. North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Central Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi (see Figure 31). Habitat and ecology. Lowland, Hill and Upland Forest at an altitude of 50 – 1290 m. Etymology. The epithet of this species refers to the position of the flowers near the ground (Koorders, 1898). Proposed IUCN conservation category. The EOO of Cyrtandra hypogaea is 173,191 km 2 and the AOO is 112 km 2, based on a 2 × 2 km grid cell size, under the B criteria (Bachman et al., 2011). This is one of the most common and widespread species on the island, collected in all of the six provinces in Sulawesi and over a wide altitudinal range, and for this reason is considered to be of Least Concern (LC). Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA. North Sulawesi. Bolaang Mongondow: Kasingolan River, 30 xi 2016, Barber, Atkins, Kartonegoro & Kinho BAKK 17 (BO, E); Mt London, 31 xi 2016, Barber, Atkins, Kartonegoro & Kinho BAKK 30 (BO, E); Dumoga Bone [Bogani Nani Wartabone] National Park, 28 iii 1985, de Vogel & Vermeulen 6786 (E, L); North Minahasa: South part of Wiau forest reserve, base of Mt Klabat, 1 xi 1973, de Vogel 2649 (BO, CANB); Tomohon: Wagio crater, Mt Mahawu, 4 vii 1956, Forman 393 (BO, L); Mt Mahawu, 15 ii 2009, Girmansyah 1257 (BO). Gorontalo. Bone Bolango: Route along the Olama River to Mt Gambuta, 9 iv 2002, Scott 02 - 42, grown at RBGE as accession 20021875 A, vouchered as Atkins 46 (E).
Sumber: A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CYRTANDRA (GESNERIACEAE) IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA
