Presbytis comata

Habitat. Primary and secondary rainforest, from lowlands to ¢. 2500 m, plantations, and orchards. The Javan Langur prefers the middle and upper layers of the forest canopy. It was historically found from sea level to 2565 m, but is now largely restricted to fragments of montane and upper montane forest. In Pegunungan Dieng, itis found in primary and secondary forests, at edges and in the interior, and in lowland forests, forests on steep slopes and hills, and upper montane forest. Rainfall in the interior ofJava can be very high; annual rainfall in the area of Mount Slamet is 5000 - 6714 mm / year.

Sumber: Cercopithecidae

Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Javan Langur lives in small groups, generally with a single adult male but sometimes with two. Surveys around Mount Slamet recorded groups of 2 - 14 individuals. They are quite territorial and encounters between groups are antagonistic. The adult male is dominant, and grooming is largely a female activity. Males disperse from their group before puberty. Sometimes they form mixed-species groups with the East Javan Langur (7 Trachypithecus auratus). Surveys of the Javan Fuscous Langur around Mount Slamet in central Java in 2006 and 2008 estimated 5 - 6 ind / km? on southern slopes to 8 ind / km? ® on the eastern slopes.

Sumber: Cercopithecidae

Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List, including both subspecies (under P. comata). The Javan Langur is severely threatened by habitat loss and, to a lesser extent, hunting. In 2006, the total population was estimated at 2300 - 2500 individuals in ¢. 30 isolated populations. No subpopulation contains more than 250 mature individuals. The Javan Grizzled Langur is threatened by habitat destruction, such that its remaining populations are now mainly confined to montane forest patches, whereas it once occurred across extensive lowland areas. Hunting is a persistent threat, especially in the area of Mount Slamet. Forests are gradually degraded through illegal logging, occasionalfelling for building materials, cutting trees to obtain orchids and pitcher plants, and the collection of firewood. Javan Langurs are also persecuted for crop raiding. They occur in at least five protected areas: Gede-Pangrango National Park, Gunung Halimun National Park, Gunung Tukung Gede Nature Reserve, Ujung Kulon National Park (Javan Grizzled Langur), and Gunung Slamet Nature Reserve (Javan Fuscous Langur).