Rusa unicolor

Distribution: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. In Myanmar, recorded in Kachin State (Madwalrazi area, Bumphabum, Hponkanrazi,

Sumber: Mammals of Myanmar: an annotated checklist

Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).

Sumber: Order Artiodactyla

Distribution: India and Sri Lanka east to S China (E Tibet and Sichuan to Yunnan; Hainan Isl) and Taiwan; south to Peninsular Malaysia, Sunda Isles (Sumatra, Borneo, Siberut, Sipora, and Pagi and Nias Isls); introduced to Australia and New Zealand.

Sumber: Order Artiodactyla

Habitat. It occurs in a variety of forest habitats, from arid, dry, and moist deciduous forests, to pine and oak forests and evergreen forests at tropical latitudes, and also in montane woodlands of temperate latitudes. It seems to prefer well-watered moist deciduous forests on hilly terrain. It occurs up to 3800 m above sea level.

Sumber: Cervidae

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Males have home ranges of about 4 - 15 km?, females of 2 - 3 km? males are more mobile, especially during the long rutting season, when they visit different female groups. In mountainous areas deer may descend in winter to lower elevations. The Sambar is a barely social species. Females form small family groups, often consisting of a mother, the young-of-the-year, and a female yearling. Adult males are mainly solitary. Subadult males sometimes form small groups close to females. Aggregations of more than ten animals are seen during the monsoon season in foraging areas and in summer near waterholes. In Sri Lanka, with higher food availability, groups of 30 - 40 animals are regularly observed.

Sumber: Cervidae

Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List for the rapid decline of the last thirty years. It is rare in Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam, and it is decreasing in Cambodia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. More stable in India and Nepal and slightly increasing in Taiwan, where hunting has been banned since 1989. Habitat encroachment and overhunting continue to represent the main threats.

Sumber: Cervidae