Pteropus alecto

Conservation: CITES – Appendix II. IUCN / SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).

Sumber: Order Chiroptera - Family Pteropodidae

Distribution: Sulawesi, Saleyer Isl, Lombok, Bawean Isl, Kangean Isls, Sumba Isl, and Savu Isl (Indonesia); N and E Australia; S New Guinea.

Sumber: Order Chiroptera - Family Pteropodidae

DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi, Saleyer Isl, Lombok, Bawean Isl, Kangean Isis, Sumba Isl, and Savu Isl (Indonesia); N and E Australia; S New Guinea.

Sumber: Order Chiroptera

DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; N. and E. Australia; Saleyer Isl.; Lombok; Bawean Isl.; Kangean Isis.; Sumba Isl.; Savu Isl.; S. New Guinea.

Sumber: Order Chiroptera

Habitat. Coastal tropical and tropical moist broadleaf forests, mangroves, swamp forests, eucalypt open forests, bamboo groves, savanna woodlands, and modified landscapes (e. g. orchards or urban areas) from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1000 m. The Black Flying Fox prefers coastal areas Food and Feeding. The Black Flying Fox feeds on fruits, flowers, nectar, and pollen. Major dietary items in Australia, including flowers, come from at least 16 plant genera in 12 families including figs (Ficus, Moraceae). In urban settings in Brisbane, Australia, it fed on Ficus; Oreodoxa and Syagrus (both Arecaceae); Celtis (Cannabaceae); Schefflera (Araliaceae); Mangifera (Anacardiaceae); and Eriobotrya (Rosaceae). It also ate nectar and pollen of native hybrid Grevillea (Proteaceae) and Callistemon (Myrtaceae). In Indonesia, it eats nectar from durian (Durio zibethinus, Malvaceae). It feeds primarily at canopies in rainforest sites, demonstrating some site fidelity although visitation to foraging sites can shift with seasonal resource shifts. Gut passage rate of under an hour combined with flying between foraging and roosting sites suggests that it is likely an important seed disperser for disjunct forest fragments.

Sumber: Pteropodidae

Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Black Flying Fox is generally gregarious and roosts colonially. In Papua New Guinea, colonies can contain several hundred up to 3000 individuals. In Australia, total population estimates vary widely (e. g. 108,000 - 250,000 individuals in 2016). In Sulawesi, it is the most common flying fox, but the population is threatened by repeated hunting events, and no total population estimates are available. Genetic evidence suggests that the Sulawesi nominate form is a single panmictic population. Using satellite telemetry, it has been recorded to fly 150 km between Papua New Guinea and Indonesia, with a maximum of 220 km covered in two days between roosts. Average nightly movement between roosts is 20 km. Movements vary greatly, and some individuals remain relatively sedentary where food is abundant. In Brisbane, individuals moved ¢. 26 km during nightly foraging. It roosts with other flying fox species, with some degree of physical segregation among species. Colonies leave roosts in a loose stream. During the day, it rests at roosts and exhibits typical pteropodine activity, such as wing flapping and occasional conspecific territorial interactions. In a study in Australia, active territorial defense was recorded by late January, with males scent-marking territories by rubbing neck glands on branches and tree trunks throughout the day. Territorial defense including displays (vocalizations or brief pursuits) or physical contact (wrestling or wing slapping) occurs in response to encroachment on defended branches.

Sumber: Pteropodidae