Sus celebensis

Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).

Sumber: Order Artiodactyla

Distribution: Indonesia (Sulawesi and neighboring small islands; feral on Halmahera and Simaleue Isls; possibly feral on Flores Isl as floresianus (= heureni) and on Timor Isl as timoriensis).

Sumber: Order Artiodactyla

DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Sulawesi and neighboring small islands; feral on Halmahera and Simaleue Isis.

Sumber: Order Artiodactyla

Habitat. This species is reported to occur in a wide variety of habitats, including rainforests, swamps, high grassland terrains, and agricultural areas. It is found at elevations up to moss forest at about 2300 m, but it prefers valleys.

Sumber: Suidae

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Few data exist on group size, but observations around a salt lick recorded single animals (five times), pairs (two times), groups of three (four times), and one group of six. In another population the sex ratio of adults was found to be 1: 1 - 25 (n = 25) and group size was 2 - 9, with an average of five (n = 16). Groups generally consisted of 1 - 3 young, 1 - 2 subadults, and 1 - 3 adults. These and observations from the 19 " century suggest that the species occurs in small troops or families. Densities ranged from 0 - 4 - 2 ind / km? in a reserve on the north peninsula to 1: 8 - 19 - 8 ind / km? and 5 - 1 - 14 - 5 ind / km? in two reserves on the south-east peninsula. A recent study in those reserves found even higher densities in lowland forest (23 - 5 ind / km?). Such major differences in density are thought to result from varying hunting pressure, with Muslim-dominated areas, where people do not eat pigs, having higher population densities than areas where Christians predominate. With inter-island trade being common, however, it is unclear to what extent Muslimdominated areas become suppliers to the Christian ones. Also, in the south-east peninsula, which is mostly Muslim, S. celebensis has apparently been extirpated, so obviously religious affinity is not sufficient to prevent local extinction of the species.

Sumber: Suidae

Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List based on the level of the main threats, habitat loss and hunting. S. celebensis is a species of the central and eastern islands of Indonesia, occurring east of Wallace's Line, which separates the faunas and floras with Oriental affiliation in the west from the Australasian ones in the east. Generally the species is considered to be common, although statements along these lines have been repeated for decades without actual field surveys providing supporting information. S. celebensis has a patchy distribution on most of Sulawesi Island; it is most common in the south-eastern parts of the island. The species has been considered scarce in south-west Sulawesi for over two decades because of ongoing deforestation and hunting. Decreasing sign of pigs in various parts of southern Sulawesi was noted as early as 1938. Extensive logging and conversion of land for agriculture, coupled with human population expansion and immigration, have resulted in the marked contraction and fragmentation ofits range in most places. Market surveys also indicate that the species is under high hunting pressure. For example, brief surveys of three village markets in north-eastern Sulawesi concluded that about 2 - 20 wild pigs per week were being sold by commercial hunters and slaughtered by butchers when needed. Wild piglets that are caught by villagers in Sulawesi are kept and usually raised for slaughter for eating or sold at the local market. The high volume of trade in this species raises concerns about the sustainability of the current harvesting rate. The fact that the species is not protected outside certain protected areas, and can therefore be openly hunted and traded, makesit difficult to reduce consumption to more sustainable levels. Surveys within protected areas also show that the species is commonly hunted there, and in three protected areas in north Sulawesi no sign at all was found of S. celebensis. It is clear that there are few if any areas where the species can be considered secure. S. celebensis is of particular interest in that it is the only pig species, apart from S. scrofa that has been domesticated and quite widely transported by human agency outsideits original range. The available evidence indicates that it is still maintained as a domestic in some areas, but its commercial importance and future potential as a genetic resource are unknown.

Sumber: Suidae