Epinephelus coioides

Distribution in the area. Not endemic. Recorded from the lower Shatt Al-Arab.

Sumber: A Critical Checklist of the Inland Fishes Native to the Euphrates and Tigris Drainages

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION E. coioides occurs from the Red Sea south to at least Durban and east to the western Pacific, where it ranges from the Ryukyu Islands of Japan to New South Wales and out to the islands of Palau and Fiji. Other localities include the Persian Gulf, India, Reunion, Mauritius, Andaman Islands, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Philippines and north coast of Australia from Western Australia to Queensland. BEN- - TUVIA and LOURIE (1969) reported a 420 mm. specimen of " Epinephelus tauvina " from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Without further discussion of this fish, RANDALL and BEN-TUVIA (1983) changed this identification to " E. malabaricus " (Note: the account of E. malabaricus in this paper is a compostite of E. coioides and E. malabaricus.) In the original description of this specimen, BEN-TUVIA and LOURIE (1969: 246) state " Head and body covered with bright orange spots more or less regularly dispersed ", which would rule out malabaricus. In addition to the colour pattern, the meristic and morphometric data given by BEN- TUVIA and LOURIE also fit caiuides better than tauvina. This fish is, therefore, regarded as E. caioides. Dr. BEN-TUVIA has kindly sent the author a specimen of E. coioides (HUJ 10751) that was collected in Haifa Bay in October of 1981.

Sumber: A Taxonomic Revision Of The Eastern Atlantic Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae)

Distribution and habitat. New Ireland: 2, 5. — General distribution: Red Sea, East Africa and western Mascarenes east to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in various reef-associated habitats, including estuaries, 0 – 100 m depth. Transitional water and marine.