Bos javanicus

STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.

Sumber: Order Artiodactyla

DISTRIBUTION: Burma, Thailand, and Indochina south to N Peninsular Malaysia; Java; Borneo; introduced to Australia, Bali Isl, Sangihe and Enggano Isis; domesticated in SE Asia.

Sumber: Order Artiodactyla

PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as B. javanicus (= banteng).

Sumber: Order Artiodactyla

DISTRIBUTION: Burma; Thailand; Indochina; Malaysia; Java; Borneo.

Sumber: Order Artiodactyla

Habitat. Bantengs can occur from sea level to 2100 m. Their current range, and habitat availability within it, has been greatly reduced in the past century, and the species may now be relegated to less than preferred habitats. Early accounts suggested that the long legs of the Banteng, relative to other wild Asian cattle, predisposed it to lowlands, but other accounts suggest that it may be somewhat of a habitat generalist. On the Asian mainland, early investigations suggested that Bantengs avoided evergreen forests, preferring open dry deciduous forests with grassy openings and bamboo stands. In West Java, Bantengs seek cover in rainforests but tend to concentrate around open meadows where they feed. On Borneo, Bantengs use swamps and forests along rivers and lowland logged forests. Human activities such as cultivation and logging may force Bantengs to denser forests in upland areas, but in some places, they seem to tolerate humans. Availability of free water is important; Bantengs are said to drink daily when conditions permit it. Mineral licks also are visited regularly, and occasional drinking of seawater by some Banteng populations is thought to be a substitute for mineral licks.

Sumber: Bovidae

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Bantengs are non-migratory but will move extensively for food, water, and mineral licks. No information exists on home range sizes. A female and her offspring constitute the nucleus of social groups. Typical group sizes are about 8 - 12 individuals, but groups of 20 - 100 have been observed in open areas. Typical groups are made up of adult females, their offspring, and juveniles, often accompanied by one or more young and adult males; such groups probably are not stable. Sometimes females occur alone or in female-only groups without offspring. Mature males also occur singly or in bachelor groups, which break up as rut approaches. Sexual segregation may be minimal in some areas perhaps because of limited resources and clumped water availability (e. g. Baluran National Park, Java).

Sumber: Bovidae