Pteropus vampyrus

Distribution: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Vietnam and Southern Myanmar.

Sumber: Mammals of Myanmar: an annotated checklist

Conservation: CITES – Appendix II. IUCN / SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).

Sumber: Order Chiroptera - Family Pteropodidae

Distribution: Vietnam, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Isls, adjacent small islands including Anak Krakatau. Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be verified (Kock, 2000).

Sumber: Order Chiroptera - Family Pteropodidae

DISTRIBUTION: Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Isis, adjacent small islands.

Sumber: Order Chiroptera

Habitat. Primary and secondary forests, mangrove forests, and swamps in coastal areas and on offshore islands from sea level and generally below elevations of ¢. 500 m (but up to 1370 m). In the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia, the Large Flying Fox prefers to roost in areas with relatively pristine mangroves. It can be found in some mixed landscapes of natural, modified, and intensely farmed plots. In highly modified landscapes, it can be found in relatively undisturbed areas, such as a temple forests, botanical gardens, atop steep cliffs, or at other culturally significant sites such as burial grounds. In the Philippines, it prefers natural forest to human-modified habitats. It roosts in a variety of trees, often in riparian zones; trees become defoliated, suggesting high roost fidelity.

Sumber: Pteropodidae

Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Large Flying Fox is generally gregarious and roosts colonially in tall trees. It is tolerant of some habitat disturbance but prefers undisturbed habitat. Currently, the largest known colony is in Subic Bay on Luzon, Philippines (c. 20,000 individuals). It might roost with otherflying foxes in large colonies (up to 52,000 individuals). In Malaysia, severe declines in abundance have been recorded, and no roosts are known to have more than 1500 individuals. Foraging range of up to 50 km / night occurs in some parts of its distribution, but in others, they can be as short as 0 - 4 - 12 km. Home range with 90 % occupancy of the Large Flying Fox can be as large as 128,000 km * (i. e. almost 13 million ha) on the Malay Peninsula. Inter-island movement likely occurs at higher altitudes. It switches roosts according to food availability. In Sarawak, it has a continuous movement phase (roost sites appear to move daily) and a restricted movement phase (roost sites confined to narrow area).

Sumber: Pteropodidae