Gymnothorax javanicus

Observation: Recorded from Vizhinjam (8 ° 22 ′ 32 ″ N, 76 ° 59 ′ 28 ″ E to 8 ° 22 ′ 36 ″ N, 76 ° 59 ′ 32 ″ E) at a depth of 3 m on April 13, 2015.

Sumber: New Distributional Records of 31 Marine Fish Species from Rocky Reefs of Kerala: Insights from Underwater Visual Census on the Southwest Coast of India

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, recorded throughout the Red Sea to East Africa.

Sumber: New Distributional Records of 31 Marine Fish Species from Rocky Reefs of Kerala: Insights from Underwater Visual Census on the Southwest Coast of India

Description. In TL: preanal length 2.0 – 2.2, predorsal length 7.9 – 10, head length 6.6 – 8.1, body depth at anus 16 – 24. In head length: snout length 5.6 – 6.5, eye diameter 9.3 – 13, upper-jaw length 2.5 – 2.9. Pores: LL 2, SO 3, IO 4, POM 6. Vertebrae: predorsal 5 – 7, preanal 60 – 61, total 137 – 141. Body moderate to robust, the depth increasing with growth; anus at or slightly before midlength; dorsal-fin origin before gill opening. Jaws moderate, of equal length. Eye moderate, over middle of upper jaw. Anterior nostril tubular; posterior nostril with a raised rim, above or slightly behind anterior margin of eye. Teeth smooth, slender and pointed or blade-like. Intermaxillary teeth in a single peripheral series, 4 – 5 on each side sometimes with a few much smaller teeth between; 2 – 3 median teeth. Maxillary teeth uniserial except in small specimens, which may have 1 – 3 larger inner teeth anteriorly, and about 13 – 15 smaller teeth in outer row. Dentary with 2 – 3 larger inner teeth anteriorly and about 10 – 20 smaller outer teeth. Vomerine teeth biserial anteriorly. Color: body and fins brown, with small, darker brown or black markings consisting of subquadrate to irregular spots (those dorsally are larger), sometimes with a pale center, in approximately three irregular rows. Head usually darker than body. Small specimens have a lighter background color with broadly spaced, obvious, round spots, most of them larger than eye. Large specimens tend to be darker overall with smaller spots. Gill opening in a conspicuous dark spot. Iris brown. Maximum size 2 m or greater.