Rhipicephalus microplus

Afrotropical: 1) Angola, 2) Benin, 3) Burundi, 4) Burkina Faso, 5) Cameroon, 6) Comoros, 7) Eswatini, 8) Ghana, 9) Guinea, 10) Ivory Coast, 11) Kenya, 12) Lesotho, 13) Madagascar, 14) Malawi, 15) Mali (south), 16) Mauritius, 17) Mayotte, 18) Mozambique, 19) Namibia, 20) Nigeria, 21) Réunion, 22) Seychelles, 23) South Africa, 24) Sudan, 24) Tanzania, 26) Togo, 27) Uganda, 28) Zambia, 29) Zimbabwe; Australasian: 1) East Timor, 2) Indonesia (east of Wallace’s Line); Nearctic: 1) Mexico (north), 2) USA; Neotropical: 1) Antigua and Barbuda, 2) Argentina, 3) Bahamas, 4) Barbados, 5) Belize, 6) Bolivia, 7) Brazil, 8) Colombia, 9) Costa Rica, 10) Cuba, 11) Dominica, 12) Dominican Republic, 13) Ecuador, 14) El Salvador, 15) French Guiana, 16) Grenada, 17) Guadeloupe, 18) Guatemala, 19) Guyana, 20) Haiti, 21) Honduras, 22) Jamaica, 23) Martinique, 24) Mexico (south), 25) Montserrat, 26) Nicaragua, 27) Panama, 28) Paraguay, 29) Peru, 30) Puerto Rico, 31) Saba, 32) Saint Eustatius, 33) Saint Kitts and Nevis, 34) Saint Lucia, 35) Saint Martin, 36) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 37) Suriname, 38) Trinidad and Tobago, 39) Uruguay, 40) USA Virgin Islands, 41) Venezuela; Oriental: 1) Bangladesh, 2) Bhutan (south), 3) Cambodia, 4) China (south), 5) India, 6) Indonesia (west of Wallace’s Line), 7) Japan (the Ryukyu Islands), 8) Laos, 9) Malaysia, 10) Myanmar, 11) Nepal (south and central), 12) Pakistan (east), 13) Philippines, 14) Singapore, 15) Sri Lanka, 16) Taiwan, 17) Thailand, 18) Vietnam; Palearctic: 1) Afghanistan, 2) China (north), 3) Japan (except the Ryukyu Islands), 4) Pakistan (west), 5) South Korea; remote islands: 1) Pacific Ocean Islands (central) of Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and Palau (Saunders 1914, Arag ã o 1936, Cooley 1946, Anastos 1950, Kohls 1950 b, 1957 a, Floch & Fauran 1958, Audy et al. 1960, Hoffmann 1962, Morel 1966, Yeoman & Walker 1967, Kohls 1969 c, Yamaguti et al. 1971, Jones et al. 1972, Smith 1974, Walker 1974, Rawlins 1979, Uilenberg et al. 1979, Payne & Scott 1982, Barré & Morel 1983, Tanskul et al. 1983, Gang & Jang 1985, Garris & Scotland 1985, Instituto Interamericano para la Cooperación en Agricultura 1985, 1988, Rahman and Mondal 1985, Keirans 1985 b, Santos Dias 1988, Need et al. 1991, Corn et al. 1994, Camus & Barré 1995, Kolonin 1995 b, Morel 2003, Alvarez et al. 2005, Robbins 2005, Ghosh et al. 2007, Madder et al. 2007, 2012, Durden et al. 2008, Barros-Battesti et al. 2009, Chen et al. 2010, Burridge 2011, Lohmeyer et al. 2011, Vásquez et al. 2011, Adakal et al. 2013, Stachurski et al. 2013, Mastropaolo et al. 2014, Liyanaarchchi et al. 2015 a, D ̧ ttmann et al. 2016, Vongphayloth et al. 2016, Diarra et al. 2017, Kamani et al. 2017, Karim et al. 2017, Nava et al. 2017, Polsomboon et al. 2017, Bermúdez et al. 2018, Horak et al. 2018, Kwak 2018 c, Pun et al. 2018, Petney et al. 2019, Silatsa et al. 2019, Balinandi et al. 2020, Lugo-Caro del Castillo et al. 2020, Springer et al. 2020, Bah et al. 2021, Gugliemone et al. 2021, Ledger et al. 2021, Mahlobo & Zishiri 2021, Makenov et al. 2021, Namgyal et al. 2021, Nyabogo et al. 2021, Ouedraogo et al. 2021 a, b, Shekede et al. 2021, Sili et al. 2021, Wang, H. H. et al. 2021, Zhao et al. 2021, Weaver et al. 2022).

Sumber: Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories

Morphological characters Male (Fig. 39, A – D): Body small and elongate, approximately 1.98 ± 0.1 mm long and 1.00 ± 0.07 mm wide, yellowish to dark brown in colour; conscutum narrow and covered with long setae, scapulae robust and pointed, with subtriangular ends, cervical grooves shallow and broad, posteromedian groove deep and extending one-third length of conscutum, paramedian grooves short, festoons absent, short caudal appendage present; eyes inconspicuous; capitulum very short, basis capituli subhexagonal, posterior margin straight, with short, blunt, triangular cornua, palpi and hypostome nearly equal in length, hypostomal dental formula 4 / 4; legs moderately long and pale in colour, with dense setae; coxa I with two equal spurs, internal spur blunt, external spur pointed and cylindrical, coxae II – III with rounded internal and external spurs, coxa IV lacking prominent spurs; adanal plates long, terminating posteriorly in a single sharp point, accessory plates long, also terminating posteriorly in a single point; genital aperture cordiform, situated between and slightly anterior to coxae II; spiracular plates broadly oval to subcircular. Female (Fig. 39, E – H): Body approximately 2.43 ± 0.1 mm long and 1.26 ± 0.08 mm wide; scutum elongate oval, narrowing posteriorly, longer than wide, posterolateral margins straight or mildly sinuous, cervical grooves broad and shallow, scutum densely covered by long setae; eyes flat and yellowish in colour; capitulum short, basis capituli subhexagonal, with slightly convex posterior margin and weakly developed cornua, porose areas moderate in size, oval, and separated by less than their width, palpi and hypostome short, as in male, hypostomal dental formula 4 / 4; legs medium-sized and pale in colour, with numerous setae, coxa I with distinct broadly rounded spurs, external spur more prominent and wider than internal spur, coxae II and III with rounded external spurs, coxa IV with less developed external spur; genital aperture situated between coxae II, posterior lip of genital aperture broadly U-shaped; spiracular plates broadly oval to subcircular, dorsal prolongation short.

Sumber: Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan

Distribution This tick has been reported from Sindh, KP, Balochistan, Punjab, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (McCarthy 1967; Siddiqi & Jan 1986; Karim et al. 2017; Rehman et al. 2017; Zeb et al. 2019, 2022; Ali et al. 2019, 2021 – 22 a, 2023 b, c; Nasreen et al. 2020; Kasi et al. 2020; Ghafar et al. 2020 b; Kamran et al. 2021; Khan Z. et al. 2022, 2024; Alam et al. 2022; Hussain et al. 2023; Aneela et al. 2023; Tila et al. 2023; Shehla et al. 2023; Khan M et al. 2023).

Sumber: Updated checklist, morphological descriptions, hosts and vector potential of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Pakistan