Biologi & Ekologieng
Ecology: in primary and secondary evergreen to deciduous vegetation; in mixed dipterocarp forest; in riparian and littoral forest; in coastal forest and on beaches; in monsoon forest and teak-forest (“ djatibosch ” = Malay ‘ Jati forest’), in Agathis forest; in bamboo groves; in peat swamp forest; in heath forest, thickets, grasslands and along roadsides, waste land (Malay: “ belukar ”); also in mossy montane forest; usually in understorey; from deep shade to total exposure; on dry to wet or seasonally flooded ground; common in most places, with extremely high ecological amplitude; it is the dominant species in inland Krakatau (Whittaker, pers. comm.); on sand, clay, loam, peat, volcanic and ultrabasic soil, over limestone, sandstone or granite; elevation: sea level up to 2000 m (Hoffmann 2006).
Sumber: Checklist of the Timorese Euphorbiaceae and related families
Distribusieng
Distribution: India (incl. Andaman & Nicobar Islands), Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, Japan (only Ryukyu Islands), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas, Papua New Guinea, Australia, southern (only Prince of Wales Island) (Hoffmann 2006). Specimens examined: Timor — {loc. not specified}, 1881, Forbes, H. O. 3725 (BM [BM 015176356], L [L. 2186179]); Timor Leste: Lautém, c. 6 km west of Lore, [8 ° 40 ’ 13 ” S, 126 ° 58 ’ 28 ” E], 26 February 2006, Cowie, I. D. & Pinto, P. 10976 (L [L. 2186182]); footslopes of Mt. Paitxau range, [8 ° 28 ’ 31 ” S, 127 ° 10 ’ 06 ” E], 28 October 2006, Cowie, I. D. & Santana F. 11341 (L [L. 3784521]); [Mehara area, 8 ° 27 ’ 47 ” S, 127 ° 10 ’ 33 ” E], 2 October 2005, Cowie, I. D. 10688 (L [L. 2186181]); Manufahi, [Bubususu, 8 ° 54 ’ 52 ” S, 125 ° 47 ’ 00 ” E], 1881, Forbes, H. O. 4077 (BM [BM 015176355], L [L. 2186180]); Viqueque, [Luca, 8 ° 56 ’ S, 126 ° 15 ’ E], 8 May 1970, Metzner, J. 148 (L [L. 2186140]). Red List Assessment: Least Concern.
Sumber: Checklist of the Timorese Euphorbiaceae and related families
