Fejervarya cancrivora

Singapore conservation status. Least Concern. Conservation priority. Lowest. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern [2022].

Sumber: Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution

Crab-eating Frog (Figure 4 E; Windsor Nature Park)

Sumber: Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution

Occurrence. Ubiquitous. Common.

Sumber: Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution

Description of neotype. Dubios and Ohler (2000) designated and described the neotype adult male, FMNH 256688, from Java, Indonesia (Fig. 4 A-B; Table 1). We supplement their description of the neotype, as follows: rather large size, body rather slender; head narrow, slightly longer than wide; snout oval in dorsal view, round in lateral view, projecting beyond lower jaw; nostril dorsolateral, pointed oval, with small lateral flap, closer to tip of snout than eye; canthus indistinct, rounded; loreal region concave and obtuse; eye diameter about 60 % snout length; interorbital space flat, less than width of upper eyelid and internarial distance; pineal body visible; tympanum distinct, rounded [oval according to Dubois and Ohler (2000)], about 90 % of eye diameter, not depressed relative to skin of temporal region, tympanic rim weakly elevated relative to tympanum, dorsoposterior margin obscured by supratympanic fold; two vomerine ridges bearing a few small teeth between choanae, obliquely oriented at an angle of 45 ° to body axis, closer to choanae than to each other; tongue large, cordate, emarginate [based on Ohler and Dubois (2000), not examined by us]; distinct supratympanic fold extending from eye to axilla, not obscuring dorsoposterior margin of tympanum. Forelimbs short, rather stout [rather thin according to Dubois and Ohler (2000)], slightly longer than hand; fingers rather long, thin; tip of fingers slightly rounded and swollen [pointed according to Dubois and Ohler (2000)], but not expanded into discs; relative length of fingers II <IV <I <III; fingers II and III with dermal fringe; webbing on fingers absent; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; supernumerary tubercles absent; prepollex indistinct, oval; palmar tubercles indistinct. Hindlimbs moderately short, robust; tibia longer than thigh, but shorter than distance from base of inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of Toe IV; toes long, thin; tips of toes rounded [pointed according to Dubois and Ohler (2000)], not expanded into discs; relative length of toes I <II <V <III <IV; webbing moderate, deeply excised between toes, formula I 1 - 11 / 2 II 1 - 1 III 1 - 2 IV 2 - 1 V, Toe I webbed to base of distal phalanx; preaxial side of Toe II webbed to point between distal subarticular tubercle and distal phalanx, continuing as narrow fringe to base of distal phalanx; postaxial side of Toe II webbed to base of distal phalanx; preaxial side of Toe III webbed to distal subarticular tubercle, continuing as narrow fringe to base of distal phalanx, postaxial side of Toe III webbed to base of distal phalanx; preaxial side of Toe IV wedded to distal subarticular tubercle, continuing as narrow fringe to base of distal phalanx, postaxial side of Toe IV webbed to distal subarticular tubercle, continuing as narrow fringe to base of distal phalanx, Toe V webbed to base of distal phalanx; dermal flap well developed, extending along postaxial side of Toe V from level of inner metatarsal tubercles to distal phalanx; subarticular tubercles prominent; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, oval, less than length of Toe I; distinct dermal ridge extending along inner metatarsal tubercle to distal phalanx of Toe I; distinct inner tarsal ridge on distal two-third of tarsus (Fig. 5 A); outer metatarsal tubercles absent; supernumerary tubercles absent; tarsal tubercle absent. Skin on snout and interorbital region shagreen; skin on eyelid with glandular warts and spinules; skin on dorsum with irregular skin folds, with intervening glandular warts and spinules; dorsolateral fold extending posteriorly to two-thirds length of dorsum; skin on side of head with small spinules; skin on flank with glandular warts; skin on cloacal region with dense glandular warts; skin on forelimbs, thigh, tibia and tarsus with glandular warts and spinules; skin on ventral surfaces smooth, except dense, fine spinules on chin. Nuptial pad with small translucent spinules on dorsal and medial surface of Finger I from base of distal phalanx to slightly over the base of prepollax; vocal sac present on both sides of throat, with wrinkled skin covered by triangular dark brown blotches. Fejervaryan lines absent.

Sumber: Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia

Distribution. Based on a combination of the morphological and genetic studies of F. cancrivora large type (Kurniawan et al. 2010; 2011; 2014), the reported distribution of F. raja (Chan-ard 2013; Chuaynkern, and Chuaynkern 2012), and localities of specimens examined in this study, F. cancrivora is distributed from south of the Isthmus of Kra in Thailand, West Malaysia, Kalimantan (Borneo), Sumatra, West and Central Java, and Bali in Indonesia, with introduced populations in Papua New Guinea and Guam (Christy et al. 2007; Frost, 2019). In Thailand, F. cancrivora was confirmed to occur at Phatthalung, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, Songkhla, and Narathiwat Province (Fig. 1; Table 1).

Sumber: Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs (Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia

Distribution on Sumatra. The species is known from all over Sumatra. Biology. The single specimen was found at day time, in August in a rice paddy along the eastern shore of Lake Maninjau.

Sumber: Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo